See pharyngealization on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "pharyngeal",
"4": "-ization",
"id": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerH-der.?\nPre-Greek *?der.?\nAncient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx)bor.\nLatin pharynx\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nLate Latin pharyngeus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish pharyngeal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish pharyngealization\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"throat, gullet\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰruHg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"pierce\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰerH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*?\", \"lang_name\" : \"Pre-Greek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qsb-grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"φάρυγξ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pharynx\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ejos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-eos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-eus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"pharyngeus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pharyngeal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pharyngealization\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"act or process of pharyngealizing\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pharyngealization\" id=\"English:_act_or_process_of_pharyngealizing\">\nFrom pharyngeal + -ization.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerH-der.?\nPre-Greek *?der.?\nAncient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx)bor.\nLatin pharynx\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nLate Latin pharyngeus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish pharyngeal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish pharyngealization\nFrom pharyngeal + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pharyngealizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "pharyngealization (countable and uncountable, plural pharyngealizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "en:Phonology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of pharyngealizing."
],
"id": "en-pharyngealization-en-noun-XX0DoKTi",
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"pharyngealizing",
"pharyngealize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology) The act or process of pharyngealizing."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faringalització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "咽化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faryngalizace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "faryngalisering"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faryngalisering"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "faryngalisaatio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pharyngalisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pharyngalisierung"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "faringalisasi"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "咽頭化"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "حلقومیشدگی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faryngalizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faringealização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "faringalizacija",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фарингализация"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faringealización"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fəˌɹɪn.dʒ(i).əl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fəˌɹɪn.dʒ(i).əl.əˈzeɪ.ʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "pharyngealization"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "pharyngeal",
"4": "-ization",
"id": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerH-der.?\nPre-Greek *?der.?\nAncient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx)bor.\nLatin pharynx\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nLate Latin pharyngeus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish pharyngeal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish pharyngealization\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"throat, gullet\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰruHg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"pierce\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰerH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*?\", \"lang_name\" : \"Pre-Greek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qsb-grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"φάρυγξ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pharynx\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ejos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-eos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-eus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"pharyngeus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pharyngeal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pharyngealization\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"act or process of pharyngealizing\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pharyngealization\" id=\"English:_act_or_process_of_pharyngealizing\">\nFrom pharyngeal + -ization.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerH-der.?\nPre-Greek *?der.?\nAncient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx)bor.\nLatin pharynx\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nLate Latin pharyngeus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish pharyngeal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish pharyngealization\nFrom pharyngeal + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pharyngealizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "pharyngealization (countable and uncountable, plural pharyngealizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰruHg-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms suffixed with -ization",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Undetermined links with redundant target parameters",
"en:Phonology"
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of pharyngealizing."
],
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"pharyngealizing",
"pharyngealize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology) The act or process of pharyngealizing."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fəˌɹɪn.dʒ(i).əl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fəˌɹɪn.dʒ(i).əl.əˈzeɪ.ʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Aadenboy-pharyngealization.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faringalització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "咽化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faryngalizace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "faryngalisering"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faryngalisering"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "faryngalisaatio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pharyngalisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pharyngalisierung"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "faringalisasi"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "咽頭化"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"word": "حلقومیشدگی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faryngalizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faringealização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "faringalizacija",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фарингализация"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "act or process of pharyngealizing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faringealización"
}
],
"word": "pharyngealization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pharyngealization meaning in All languages combined (15.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.